5. Energy, fluid and feeding requirements of the neonate

Page created on February 27, 2022. Last updated on December 18, 2024 at 16:58

Assessing proper feeding

By assessing the voiding and stooling patterns of the neonate, as well as the growth, we can evaluate whether the milk intake is adequate.

  • Hydration
    • A well-hydrated infant voids 1 – 2 times a day the first days, followed by 6 – 8 times a day.
    • The urine should be colourless.
    • The neonate should have moist mucous membranes and good skin turgor
  • Feeding
    • Stool should be passed ~4 times a day.
    • Initial weight loss after birth is common but should not exceed 10%. The birth weight should be regained by 10 – 14 days.
    • Normal feeding frequency is 8 – 12 times per day.
  • Growth
    • The growth rate over time should not stall
    • Normal growth in the first 3 months of life is 30 g/day
    • Normal increase in length in the first month is 2 – 4 cm
    • Weight should approximately double by month 6 and triple by month 12

Energy requirements

  • A neonate should receive 110 – 140 kcal/kg/day
    • Preterm and sick neonates have higher requirement
  • After the neonatal period, this requirement is 100 kcal/kg/day

Fluid requirements

  • Neonates drink approx. 200 – 700 mL/day of breastmilk, but the number varies wildly