Paediatrics

Page created on February 8, 2022. Last updated on March 2, 2022 at 11:50

The topics which are not hyperlinks are topics I haven’t written notes for. I can’t cover all topics, unfortunately. For the rest of the topics, you can use Milo’s, Lee’s, Michelle’s, or Silje’s notes. I prefer Milo’s because they’re short and very to the point.

A topics

Many of the topics are the same as in paeds 1, and so many of these links link to those topics.

• 1. Diagnosis of fever in neonates. Differential diagnosis.
• 2. Diagnosis of fever in children. Differential diagnosis.
• 3. The unconscious child. Differential diagnosis.
• 4. Differential diagnosis of convulsions in children and neonates
• 5. Treatment of status epilepticus.
• 6. Emergency treatment of children.
• 7. Monitoring of children in critical condition.
• 8. Shock. Types, symptoms, differential diagnosis
• 9. Differential diagnosis of pulmonary illnesses in children.
• 10. Differential diagnosis of cough.
• 11. Assessment and examination of pallor. Differential diagnosis.
• 12. Pediatric illnesses accompained by rash.
• 13. Examination and differential diagnosis of petechiae, purpurae, and suffusions.
• 14. Diagnosis of enlarged lymph nodes. Differential diagnosis.
• 15. Etiology and differential diagnosis of joint pain.
• 16. Abdominal pain in childhood. Diagnostic tests and differential diagnosis.
• 17. Differential diagnosis of pathological abdominal masses.
• 18. Most common causes of vomiting in infants.
• 19. Most common causes of vomiting in children.
• 20. Differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea.
• 21. Differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea.
• 22. Differential diagnosis of bloody stool.
• 23. Differential diagnosis of enuresis.
• 24. Hepatomegaly: causes, diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
• 25. Splenomegaly: causes, diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
• 26. Dehydration: causes and differential diagnosis.
• 27. Symptoms and treatment of cardiac decompensation.
• 28. Causes and differential diagnosis of failure to thrive.
• 29. Jaundice (icterus). Causes and differential diagnosis.
• 30. Causes of odema and ascites. Differential diagnosis.
• 31. Examination of hypertension.
• 32. Examination of the obese child.
• 33. Differential diagnosis of allergy and atopia.
• 34. Differential diagnosis of movement disorders (+ cerebral palsy)
• 35. Differential diagnosis of conditions associated with an increased bleeding tendency.
• 36. Examination of mentally impaired children
• 37. Examination of impaired psychomotor development in infants.
• 38. Diagnosis and therapy of acute behavioral disorders.
• 39. Usefulness of ultrasound diagnostics in infants and children.
• 40. Imaging examinations (X-ray, CT, MRI) in infants and children. Which to use when.
• 41. Laboratory tests to be used in infant and child infections (chemical and microbiological). Which to use when
• 42. Basis for selection of antibiotic therapy in infants and children.
• 43. Pathological changes in body fluid volume: dehydration and hyperhydration.
• 44. Disorders of sodium and potassium regulation and their treatment.
• 45. Theory and practice of fluid therapy.
• 46. Disorders of acid-base regulation and their treatment.
• 47. The role of the primary care pediatrition in attending to neonates, infants and children.
• 48. Prevention of adult diseases in childhood.
• 49. Use of antibiotics in infants and children.
• 50. Symptomatic treatment in infants and children (fever reducers and painkillers, anticonvulsants, mucolytics, medications affecting respiration and circulation).

B topics

Most of these topics are already covered in paeds 1 as well. Those topics which are in italic are new topics I’ve written for the paeds final.

• 1. Prenatal examinations for establishing the health and growth of the fetus. (1 and 2)
• 2. Care of the newborn in the delivery room.
• 3. The mature, premature, and dysmature newborn: traits and differences. (1 and 2)
• 4. Feeding the healthy neonate and infant. Nursing, weaning, and inappropriate feeding.
• 5. Energy, fluid and feeding requirements of the neonate.
• 6. Screening tests in neonates.
• 7. Physiological and pathological skin lesions in neonates.
• 8. Metabolic disturbances in neonates.
• 9. Etiology, diagnosis and therapy of neonatal jaundice. (1 and 2)
• 10. Neonatal isoimmunisation and its therapy.
• 11. Neonatal respiratory illness (not including IRDS). (1 and 2)
• 12. Pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis and therapy of IRDS.
• 13. Primary pulmonary hypertension. Persistant fetal circulation. Diagnosis and treatment.
• 14. Most common congenital abnormalities causing cyanosis.
• 15. Most common congenital abnormalities not causing cyanosis.
• 16. Congenital abnormalities requiring surgery. (1, 2, 3, and 4)
• 17. Meconium ileus, necrotizing enterocolitis. (I don’t have a topic on meconium ileus)
• 18. Sexually transmitted diseases causing fetal and neonatal infections.
• 19. Birth injuries.
• 20. Bacterial perinatal infections. (1, 2, and 3)
• 21. Non-bacterial perinatal infections. (HSV meningitis and 2)
• 22. Hematogenic organs and their disorders in neonates.
• 23. Bleeding in neonates (excluding intracranial hemorrhage).
• 24. Types of intracranial bleeding and their consequences in neonates and infants.
• 25. Diagnosis of convulsions in neonates. Differential diagnosis and treatment.
• 26. Early and late complications of neonatal illness. (early??, late)
• 27. Perinatal asphyxia. Post-asphyxia encephalomalacia. Hydrocephalus. (1 and 2)
• 28. The most common chromosomal abnormalities.

C topics

Some of these topics are already covered in paeds 1 as well. Those topics which are in italic are new topics I’ve written for the paeds final.

• 1. Milestones in normal psychomotor development.
• 2. Stages of normal pubertal development.
• 3. Most common psychosomatic illnesses.
• 4. Eating disorders.
• 5. Suicide in children and adolescents. Acute treatment.
• 6. Sudden infant death syndrome.
• 7. The abused child.
• 8. Rickets. Tetany. Disorders of calcium and phosphate metabolism.
• 9. The importance of minerals and trace elements.
• 10. Required and elective vaccinations in infancy and childhood.
• 11. Differential diagnosis and treatment of the most common poisonings in childhood.
• 12. Treatment of the febrile patient at home and in the hospital.
• 13. Pain relief in infancy and childhood.
• 14. Rules of resuscitation of infants and children.
• 15. Disorders of the humoral immune system.
• 16. Disorders of the cellular immune system.
• 17. Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).
• 18. Inflammatory disorders of the upper respiratory tract. (1 and 2)
• 19. Bacterial and viral pneumonias.
• 20. Obstructive pulmonary disease.
• 21. Asthma bronchiale.
• 22. Aspiration. Foreign body in the airway.
• 23. Cystic fibrosis.
• 24. Cardiac arrythmias.
• 25. Inflammatory disease of the heart.
• 26. Arthritis. Autoimmune diseases. (1 and 2)
• 27. Henoch-Schönlein Purpura.
• 28. Symptoms and diagnostic tests in disorders of amino acid metabolism.
• 29. Symptoms and diagnostic tests in disorders of carbohydrate metabolism (galactosemia, fructose intolerance).
• 30. Storage diseases. (+ lysosomal storage disorders, not covered)
• 31. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
• 32. Causes, diagnosis and treatment of childhood gastrointestinal ulcers.
• 33. Pyloric stenosis.
• 34. Intussusception.
• 35. Hirschprung megacolon.
• 36. Enteritis.
• 37. Malabsorbtion. Celiac disease.
• 38. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).
• 39. Diseases of the liver.
• 40. Diseases of the spleen.
• 41. Disorders of body composition. Assesment of nutritional status. (1 and 2)
• 42. Acute appendicitis.
• 43. Testicular and ovarian torsion. Cryptorchism.
• 44. Pancreatitis. Diseases of the pancreas.
• 45. Hepatitis.
• 46. Anemia related to bone marrow insufficiency. (1 and 2)
• 47. Hemolytic anemias.
• 48. Disorders of thrombocyte number and function.
• 49. Disorders of hemostasis. DIC.
• 50. Hemofilias.
• 51. Leukemias.
• 52. Lymphomas.
• 53. Brain tumors.
• 54. Abdominal and retroperitoneal tumors (Wilms tumor, neuroblastoma).
• 55. Malignant tumors of the bones and soft tissue.
• 56. Chemotherapy. Basis, side effects, complications.
• 57. Obstructive uropathy. Vesicoureteral Reflux Disease (VUR).
• 58. Glomerulonephritis.
• 59. Nephrotic syndrome.
• 60. Acute and chronic renal insufficiency. Symptoms and treatment. Dialysis. Transplantation.
• 61. Urinary tract infections.
• 62. Urolithiasis.
• 63. Renal tubular disease.
• 64. Thyroid diseases.
• 65. Diseases of the adrenal gland.
• 66. Diabetes mellitus. Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. (1 and 2)
• 67. Diabetes insipidus.
• 68. Hypoglycemia.
• 69. Normal and abnormal growth.
• 70. Abnormal puberty.
• 71. Assesment, diagnosis and therapy of headaches in children.
• 72. The most common types of epileptic seizures.
• 73. Purulent meningitis. Serous meningitis.
• 74. Encephalitis.
• 75. Accidents in childhood.
• 76. Burns.
• 77. Salmonella and Shigella infections. Clinical picture and treatment.
• 78. Infectious mononucleosis.
• 79. Scarlatina.
• 80. Varicella.
• 81. Osteomyelitis.
• 82. HIV, AIDS.
• 83. Tick-borne diseases.
• 84. COVID-19 infection in childhood.